Macap�

City, capital of Amap� state, northern Brazil, on the northern channel (Canal do Norte) of the Amazon Delta, situated on a small plateau of firm ground 50 feet (15 metres) above sea level, just on the Equator. It was given city status in 1856. Macap� is the commercial, manufacturing, and transportation centre of the state, exporting high-grade manganese (including silicomanganese and

Gr�n, Anastasius

As a member of the estates of Carniola in the Diet at Laibach, Gr�n was a critic of the Austrian government, and after 1848 he represented the district of Laibach briefly at the German national assembly at Frankfurt. Always an outspoken

Marqu�s, Ren�

His best-known play,

Thun Und Hohenstein, Leo, Count (graf) Von

Pro-Czech Austrian statesman and administrator who improved the educational establishments of the Austrian Empire, sought to resolve the antagonisms between Czechs and Germans in Bohemia, and favoured the conversion of the Habsburg monarchy into a federal

Death Rite, Commemorative rites and services

The attitude of the living toward the dead has also been conditioned by the particular belief held about the human nature and destiny. Where death is regarded as the virtual extinction of the personality, the dead should logically have no more importance beyond that which their memory might stir in those who knew them. Even in the negative eschatologies of ancient

Loy, Myrna

Loy was the daughter

Amphictyony

Also spelled �amphictiony (from Greek amphiktyones, �dwellers around�)� in ancient Greece, association of neighbouring states formed around a religious centre. The most important was the Amphictyonic League (Delphic Amphictyony). Originally composed of 12 tribes dwelling around Thermopylae, the league was centred first on the shrine of Demeter and later became associated with the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Member states sent two kinds

Abalone

Any of several marine snails of the subclass Prosobranchia (class Gastropoda) constituting the genus Haliotis and family Haliotidae, in which the shell has a row of holes on its outer surface. Abalones are one-shelled snails found in warm seas worldwide. The dishlike shell is perforated near one edge by a single row of small holes that become progressively

Chambord, Henri Dieudonn� D'artois, Count (comte) De, Duke (duc) De Bordeaux

The posthumous son of the assassinated Charles-Ferdinand, Duke de Berry, and grandson of King Charles X, he was forced to flee France in 1830 when his cousin Louis-Philippe seized the throne. He spent most of his young life in Austria, where

Ambartsumian, Viktor Amazaspovich

Ambartsumian was born of Armenian parents. His

Vistula River

Polish �Wisla, � largest river of Poland and of the drainage basin of the Baltic Sea. With a length of 651 miles (1,047 kilometres) and a drainage basin of some 75,100 square miles (194,500 square kilometres), it is a waterway of great importance to the nations of eastern Europe; more than 85 percent of the river's drainage basin, however, lies in Polish territory. The Vistula is connected with the Oder drainage area

Hojo Family

Family of hereditary regents to the shogunate of Japan who exercised actual rule from 1199 to 1333. During that period, nine successive members of the family held the regency. The Hojo took their name from their small estate in the Kanogawa Valley in Izu Province.

Hadad

Also spelled �Had, �Hadda�, or �Haddu� the Old Testament Rimmon, West Semitic god of storms, thunder, and rain, the consort of the goddess Atargatis. His attributes were identical with those of Adad of the Assyro-Babylonian pantheon. He was the chief baal (�lord�) of the West Semites (including both sedentary and nomadic Aramaeans) in north Syria, along the Phoenician coast, and along the Euphrates River. As Baal-Hadad

Burbage, Richard

The son of the actor and theatre manager and owner James Burbage, Richard had attained wide popularity as an actor by age 20. He was a member of the Earl of Leicester's company and remained with it through its evolution into the King's Men in 1603. He

Rhynchotrema

Extinct genus of brachiopods, or lamp shells, found as fossils in Middle and Late Ordovician rocks (the Ordovician Period lasted from 505 to 438 million years ago). The shell is small and distinctive for its strongly developed ribbing. Rhynchotrema is a useful Ordovician index, or guide, fossil.

Obi Islands

Also called �Ombi Islands, � group of the northern Moluccas, Maluku provinsi (�province�), Indonesia. They lie south of the island of Halmahera, north of the island of Ceram, and east of the Sula Islands. The principal island of the group is Obi Island, 52 miles (84 km) long and 28 miles (47 km) wide, which contains the only major village, Laiwui, located on the northeastern coast opposite Bisa Island. Obi Island is mountainous,

Otfrid

Otfrid was trained in the monastery school of Fulda under Rabanus Maurus, who directed the school from 802 to 824. His fame rests on his Evangelienbuch (c. 870; �Book of the Gospels�), a poem of 7,416 lines, which is extant in three good contemporary manuscripts. It is an exceptionally valuable document,

Il-khanid Dynasty

H�leg�, a grandson of Genghis Khan, was given the task of capturing Iran by the paramount Mongol chieftain M�ngke. H�leg� set out in about 1253 with a Mongol army of about 130,000. He founded the Il-Khanid dynasty in 1256, and by 1258 he had captured Baghdad and all Iran. The Il-Khans consolidated their position in Iran

Scheidemann, Philipp

A journalist and (from 1903) member of the Reichstag for the Social Democrats, Scheidemann

Gendje Carpet

Old Gendjes are made entirely of

Orb Weaver

Notable among them are the silk spiders (subfamily Nephilinae), so called because of the great strength of their silk, which is sometimes used in the manufacture of textiles.

Moscow School

Major school of late medieval Russian icon and mural painting that flourished in Moscow from about 1400 to the end of the 16th century, succeeding the Novgorod school as the dominant Russian school of painting and eventually developing the stylistic basis for a national art. Moscow began a local artistic development parallel to that of Novgorod and other centres as

Ernst, Richard R.

Ernst received both his B.A. in

Clarence, Thomas Plantagenet, Duke Of

He twice visited Ireland, where he was nominally lord lieutenant, 1401 - 13. For a short time, in 1412, he replaced his elder brother, afterward King Henry V, as the chief figure in the government. Clarence favoured an alliance with the Orl�anists and led an unsuccessful expedition

Hungarian Literature, Early years

The year 1906, when Endre Ady burst upon the literary scene with his Uj versek (�New Poems�), marked a turning point. In matters of style Ady was influenced by the French Symbolists, but in content he was concerned with radical political ideas. He rejuvenated the language of Hungarian poetry, introducing new themes and powerful new imagery. His rise was helped by the periodical

Tswana

The Tswana live in a grassland environment where they practice animal

Tswana

The Tswana live in a grassland environment where they practice animal

Choiseul, �tienne-fran�ois De Choiseul, Duc De (duke Of )

Choiseul, the son of Fran�ois-Joseph de Choiseul, Marquis de Stainville, adopted the title Count de Stainville, entered the French army, and served with distinction against the British and Austrians in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740 - 48). At the end of the conflict,