Bendix Corporation

The company's founder, Vincent Bendix, himself an inventor, joined with French inventor Henri Perrot

Levinson, Salmon Oliver

Levinson practiced law in Chicago from 1891 and became noted for his skill in reorganizing the finances of distressed corporations. In an article in the New Republic, March 9, 1918, he argued that violence by nation-states should be declared illegal.

Ear, Human

The human ear, like that of other mammals, contains sense organs that serve two quite different functions: that of hearing and that of postural equilibrium and coordination

Grand River

River rising near Creston, Union county, south-central Iowa, U.S., and flowing in a southerly direction into Missouri. It merges with the Thompson River and Shoal, Medicine, and Locust creeks near Chillicothe, Mo., before joining the Missouri River near Brunswick after a course of 215 miles (346 km). As early as 1723 the Grand was referred to by the French as �La Grande Rivi�re,� and in that

Daniel Of Kiev

Also called �Daniel The Pilgrim, �Russian �Daniil Kievsky, or Daniil Polomnik� the earliest known Russian travel writer, whose account of his pilgrimage to the Holy Land is the earliest surviving record in Russian of such a trip. Abbot of a Russian monastery, he visited Palestine probably during 1106 - 07. His narrative begins at Constantinople; from there he traveled along the west and south coasts of Asia Minor to Cyprus and the Holy Land. Despite his

Mac Lane, Saunders

Mac Lane graduated from Yale University in 1930 and then began graduate work at the University of Chicago. He soon moved to Germany, where he received his doctorate in 1933, with

Pausanias

Before visiting Greece, Pausanias had traveled widely in Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Macedonia, Epirus (now in Greece and Albania), and parts of Italy. His Description takes the form of a tour of Greece starting from Attica.

Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius Von, Herzog Von Friedland, Herzog Von Mecklenburg, F�rst Von Sagen

The outbreak of the Danish War (1625 - 29) gave Wallenstein his great opportunity. Ferdinand, mortified by his dependence on the Catholic League under Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria, readily agreed to Wallenstein's proposal to raise an independent imperial army of 24,000 men without charges upon the imperial treasury: Hans de Witte, Wallenstein's financial agent, was to advance the

Clovis Complex

Ancient culture centred primarily on the plateau or tableland of Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas. (It is so named from the first important site examined, in 1932, near Clovis, N.M.) This culture, which probably began sometime prior to 10,000 BC, is generally considered to be ancestral to the later Folsom complex. Like Folsom, the Clovis complex was part of the ancient big-game hunting

Chagatai

Also spelled �Tsagadai, �Jagatai, �or �Chaghatai � the second son of Genghis Khan who, at his father's death, received Kashgaria (now the southern part of Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, China) and most of Transoxania between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya (ancient Oxus and Jaxartes rivers) as his vassal kingdom. His capital was at Almarikh near the present Kuldja (I-ning), in western Sinkiang. Chagatai appears to have

Abu Hanifah

Muhammad Shibli Numani, Imam Abu Hanifah: Life and Work (1972), provides an introduction. Discussions of his work in its larger context can be found in Joseph Schacht, An Introduction to Islamic Law (1964, reprinted 1982); A.J. Wensinck, The Muslim Creed: Its Genesis and Historical Development, 2nd ed. (1979); and John Alden Williams (ed.), Islam (1961).

Silky Flycatcher

Any of four bird species that constitute the subfamily Ptilogonatinae (family Bombycillidae), found in dry, brushy regions from Nevada south to Panama. These soft plumaged, broad-billed, crested birds are about 19 centimetres (7.5 inches) long. All are arboreal. Their basic diet consists of mistletoe berries, supplemented with insects taken by darting from a perch like a

Dubbo

City, east-central New South Wales, Australia, on the Macquarie River. Visited in 1818 by the explorer John Oxley, the district received its first settlers in 1824. Founded in 1841, Dubbo was an established village by 1849. It became a municipality in 1872 and a city in 1966. It is the trade centre of an area producing wheat, livestock, timber, and fruits and vegetables. Dubbo has slaughterhouses, flour

Carat

Unit of weight for diamonds and certain other precious gems. Before 1913 the weight of a carat varied in different gem centres. Originally based on the weight of grains or leguminous seeds, which, of course, varied in size from place to place, the carat was equivalent to 0.2053 gram (3.168 troy grains) in London, 0.1972 g in Florence, and 0.2057 g in Amsterdam. The weight of a gemstone was calculated in terms

China, The Nationalist Party

The Nationalist Party had its origins in the earlier United League (T'ung-meng hui) against the Manchu. The name Nationalist Party was adopted in 1912. After the suppression of this expanded party by Y�an Shih-k'ai, elements from it were organized by Sun Yat-sen in 1914 into the Chinese Revolutionary Party, which failed to generate widespread support. Sun and a small group of veterans

Hinduism, Ahimsa: non-injury

A further characteristic of Hinduism is the ideal of ahimsa. Ahimsa, �non-injury� or the absence of the desire to harm, is regarded by Indian thinkers as one of the keystones of their ethics. Historically, ahimsa is unrelated to vegetarianism; in ancient India, killing people in war or in capital punishment and killing animals in Vedic sacrifices were acceptable to many

Brick And Tile

The brick, first produced in a sun-dried form at least 6,000 years ago and the forerunner of a wide range of structural clay products used today, is a small building unit in the form of a rectangular block, formed from clay or shale or mixtures and burned (fired) in a kiln, or oven, to produce

Argos

The name Argos (adjectival form Argive) apparently signified an agricultural plain and was applied to several districts in ancient Greece. Historically, the Argolis was the easternmost portion of the Peloponnesian peninsula, and the city

Quaestor

With the advent of the republic in the year 509 BC, each of the two consuls, who at first were called praetors, appointed a quaestor to be the

Feed

Animal feeds are classified as follows: (1) concentrates, high in energy value, including (a) cereal grains and their by-products (barley, corn [maize], oats, rye, wheat), (b) high-protein oil meals or cakes (soybean, cottonseed, peanut [groundnut]), (c) by-products from processing of sugar beets, sugarcane, and (d) animal and fish by-products; (2) roughages, including (a) pasture grasses, (b) hays, (c

Bracegirdle, Anne

Bracegirdle studied acting with Thomas Betterton, her guardian, and appeared on the stage as early as six years of age. In 1688 her performance in Thomas Shadwell's The Squire of Alsatia at Drury Lane Theatre, London, brought her notice. Different playwrights, particularly William Congreve and Nicholas Rowe,

Graves' Disease

Also called �toxic diffuse goitre�, or �exophthalmic goitre� endocrine disorder that is the most common type of hyperthyroidism, or thyrotoxicosis (oversecretion of thyroid hormone). In Graves' disease the excessive secretion of thyroid hormone is usually accompanied by diffuse primary overgrowth of the thyroid gland (which results in goitre) and by exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeballs), with eyelid retraction and

Paul, Wolfgang

German physicist who shared one-half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1989 with the German-born American physicist Hans G. Dehmelt. (The other half of the prize was awarded to the American physicist Norman F. Ramsey.) Paul received his share of the prize for his development of the Paul trap - an electromagnetic device that captures ions (electrically

Weld, Theodore Dwight

While a ministerial student at Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio, Weld participated in antislavery debates and led a group of students who withdrew from Lane to enroll at Oberlin (Ohio) College. Weld left his studies in 1834 to become an agent for

Kwajalein Atoll

Also called �Kwajalong, � coral formation in the Ralik (western) chain of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, in the western Pacific Ocean. The string of some 90 islets has a total land area of 6 square miles (16 square km) and surrounds the world's largest lagoon (655 square miles [1,722 square km]). The islets of Kwajalein, Roi, and Namur were the first of the Marshall Islands captured by U.S. troops in World War II. The

Bene Beraq

Near the presumed location of ancient Bene Beraq, a

Switzerland, Police and armed forces

Police authority is generally exercised by the cantons, but larger cities also maintain municipal police forces. A small federal police corps enforces special federal laws concerning such crimes as treason and forgery (mainly in collaboration with cantonal police). However, there is growing support for enlarging the role of the federal police, particularly